Cardiovascular System
Christian Brooke
“The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, is a system of the body comprised of the heart, the blood, and the blood vessels. This system is responsible for transporting blood. As the cardiovascular system moves blood throughout the body, cells receive oxygen and nutrients. Carbon dioxide and other wastes are removed from the body as well.”
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That is a diagram of the cardiovascular system, the blue section of this diagram is deoxygenated blood and the red section is the oxygenated blood.
Oxygen makes up about a fifth of the atmosphere. You breathe air through your mouth and nose and it travels to your lungs. Oxygen from the air is absorbed into your bloodstream through your lungs. Your heart then pumps oxygenated blood through a network of blood vessels to the arteries then to tissues including your organs, muscles and nerves, all around your body.
This diagram below shows capillaries which are a big part of the cardiovascular system. Capillaries are explained in the paragraph below
In the heart, the left ventricle contracts, pushing red blood cells into the aorta which is the body's largest artery. From here blood moves through a series of smaller arteries, until it reaches a capillary, “A capillary is an extremely small blood vessel located within the tissues of the body, which transports blood from arteries to veins.” ( www.biologyabout.com )Here oxygen molecules detach from the red blood cells and slip across the capillary wall into body tissue. Now de-oxygenated, blood begins its return to the heart. It passes through increasingly larger veins to eventually reach the right atrium. It enters the right ventricle, which pumps it through the pulmonary arteries into the lungs, to pick up more oxygen. Oxygenated, blood reenters the left atrium, moves into the left ventricle, and the blood's journey begins again. This is a simple explanation too how blood travels around the body I will explain in more complex detail further on in the assignment.
Blood cells make up our bloodstream which is the key to anything we do. Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, a jellylike substance inside the bones that is composed of, among other things, fat, blood, and special cells that turn into the various kinds of blood cells.
The CV system which is also known as the circulatory system due to what its purpose is, because it “circulates” blood which is oxygenated or deoxygenated around the body. The de-oxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the superior , inferior, The bodies largest veins, and the coronary sinus which is rarely mentioned due to its complex understanding. The right atrium contracts, forcing deoxygenated blood through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle. The right ventricle contracts, which sendins blood through the pulmonary semular valve and into the pulmonary trunk. The pulmonary trunk divides into pulmonary arteries which we have one in each lung, this takes the deoxygenated blood to the capillaries of the lungs.
At the lungs, carbon dioxide diffuses (diffusion is the process by which molecules of a given substance move from an area of relatively high concentration to an area of lower concentration) out of the blood, and, oxygen diffuses into the blood. The capillaries are where oxygen enters the blood stream. The oxygenated blood feeds into the pulmonary veins, which take it from the lungs to the left atrium. The left atrium contracts forcing blood through the bicuspid valve and into the left ventricle.
The e left ventricle contracts, forcing blood through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta; this is the bodies largest artery. The aorta divides into smaller arteries, which carry oxygenated blood to all body tissues. And the cycle is repeated millions of times in a lifetime. This has explained how a blood cell travels around the body in a complex way.
“Deoxygenated blood never mixes with oxygenated blood. Instead, the two atria and the two ventricles contract simultaneously.”
http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/627443#ixzz1FZOzqpt2
There are many ways in which the CV (cardiovascular system) affects sports performance. “Exercise uses up a lot of energy, which the cells derive from oxidizing glucose. Both glucose and oxygen have to be delivered by the blood. This means that the heart has to work harder to pump more blood through the body. This means it has to beat faster in order to achieve a higher throughput” www.math.arizona.edu This explains how the cardiovascular system responds to an increased need for blood by adjusting the width of the blood vessels, primarily the arterioles and venuoles to adjust to strenuous sporting activity.
The supply of blood vessels to the heart will increase therefore lowering blood pressure and improving the functioning of the heart, this a positive affect that exercise has on the cardiovascular system, it will also help to lower cholesterol which will reduce the chances of heart disease occurring.
Even though exercise has a positive affect on the body, there is also negatives such as strenuous activity without warming up releases adrenaline this will therefore higher the heart rate which could result in a small heart attack if activity isn’t met to the required amount of adrenaline.
“Your heart produces bloodflow or cardiac output through its heart rate and its stroke volume (how much blood pushed forward per heartbeat). If you need to increase your cardiac output, you can do so by increasing your heart rate, increasing your stroke volume or both.” M. Doug McGuff, M.D.
One way to increase cardiac output is to increase the amount of blood returning to the heart heart. Our heart functions like a pump. This means whatever volume is brought into the pump is the volume that is pushed out, meaning, if you increase the amount of blood returning to the heart, you will increase the amount of blood pumped out of the heart.
Bibliography
Advanced Studies in Physical Education and Sport, P Beashel et al.
Advanced PE for Edexcel, F. Galligan et al
BTEC Sport level 3 M. Adams et al
www.math.arizona.edu
http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/627443#ixzz1FZOzqpt2
www.biologyabout.com
www.wisegeek.com
M. Doug McGuff, M.D.
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