Ronaldo
Tuesday, 29 March 2011
Monday, 14 March 2011
Unit 1 Task 4 The Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System
Christian Brooke
“The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, is a system of the body comprised of the heart, the blood, and the blood vessels. This system is responsible for transporting blood. As the cardiovascular system moves blood throughout the body, cells receive oxygen and nutrients. Carbon dioxide and other wastes are removed from the body as well.”
www.wisegeek.com
That is a diagram of the cardiovascular system, the blue section of this diagram is deoxygenated blood and the red section is the oxygenated blood.
Oxygen makes up about a fifth of the atmosphere. You breathe air through your mouth and nose and it travels to your lungs. Oxygen from the air is absorbed into your bloodstream through your lungs. Your heart then pumps oxygenated blood through a network of blood vessels to the arteries then to tissues including your organs, muscles and nerves, all around your body.
This diagram below shows capillaries which are a big part of the cardiovascular system. Capillaries are explained in the paragraph below
In the heart, the left ventricle contracts, pushing red blood cells into the aorta which is the body's largest artery. From here blood moves through a series of smaller arteries, until it reaches a capillary, “A capillary is an extremely small blood vessel located within the tissues of the body, which transports blood from arteries to veins.” ( www.biologyabout.com )Here oxygen molecules detach from the red blood cells and slip across the capillary wall into body tissue. Now de-oxygenated, blood begins its return to the heart. It passes through increasingly larger veins to eventually reach the right atrium. It enters the right ventricle, which pumps it through the pulmonary arteries into the lungs, to pick up more oxygen. Oxygenated, blood reenters the left atrium, moves into the left ventricle, and the blood's journey begins again. This is a simple explanation too how blood travels around the body I will explain in more complex detail further on in the assignment.
Blood cells make up our bloodstream which is the key to anything we do. Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, a jellylike substance inside the bones that is composed of, among other things, fat, blood, and special cells that turn into the various kinds of blood cells.
The CV system which is also known as the circulatory system due to what its purpose is, because it “circulates” blood which is oxygenated or deoxygenated around the body. The de-oxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the superior , inferior, The bodies largest veins, and the coronary sinus which is rarely mentioned due to its complex understanding. The right atrium contracts, forcing deoxygenated blood through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle. The right ventricle contracts, which sendins blood through the pulmonary semular valve and into the pulmonary trunk. The pulmonary trunk divides into pulmonary arteries which we have one in each lung, this takes the deoxygenated blood to the capillaries of the lungs.
At the lungs, carbon dioxide diffuses (diffusion is the process by which molecules of a given substance move from an area of relatively high concentration to an area of lower concentration) out of the blood, and, oxygen diffuses into the blood. The capillaries are where oxygen enters the blood stream. The oxygenated blood feeds into the pulmonary veins, which take it from the lungs to the left atrium. The left atrium contracts forcing blood through the bicuspid valve and into the left ventricle.
The e left ventricle contracts, forcing blood through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta; this is the bodies largest artery. The aorta divides into smaller arteries, which carry oxygenated blood to all body tissues. And the cycle is repeated millions of times in a lifetime. This has explained how a blood cell travels around the body in a complex way.
“Deoxygenated blood never mixes with oxygenated blood. Instead, the two atria and the two ventricles contract simultaneously.”
http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/627443#ixzz1FZOzqpt2
There are many ways in which the CV (cardiovascular system) affects sports performance. “Exercise uses up a lot of energy, which the cells derive from oxidizing glucose. Both glucose and oxygen have to be delivered by the blood. This means that the heart has to work harder to pump more blood through the body. This means it has to beat faster in order to achieve a higher throughput” www.math.arizona.edu This explains how the cardiovascular system responds to an increased need for blood by adjusting the width of the blood vessels, primarily the arterioles and venuoles to adjust to strenuous sporting activity.
The supply of blood vessels to the heart will increase therefore lowering blood pressure and improving the functioning of the heart, this a positive affect that exercise has on the cardiovascular system, it will also help to lower cholesterol which will reduce the chances of heart disease occurring.
Even though exercise has a positive affect on the body, there is also negatives such as strenuous activity without warming up releases adrenaline this will therefore higher the heart rate which could result in a small heart attack if activity isn’t met to the required amount of adrenaline.
“Your heart produces bloodflow or cardiac output through its heart rate and its stroke volume (how much blood pushed forward per heartbeat). If you need to increase your cardiac output, you can do so by increasing your heart rate, increasing your stroke volume or both.” M. Doug McGuff, M.D.
One way to increase cardiac output is to increase the amount of blood returning to the heart heart. Our heart functions like a pump. This means whatever volume is brought into the pump is the volume that is pushed out, meaning, if you increase the amount of blood returning to the heart, you will increase the amount of blood pumped out of the heart.
Bibliography
Advanced Studies in Physical Education and Sport, P Beashel et al.
Advanced PE for Edexcel, F. Galligan et al
BTEC Sport level 3 M. Adams et al
www.math.arizona.edu
http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/627443#ixzz1FZOzqpt2
www.biologyabout.com
www.wisegeek.com
M. Doug McGuff, M.D.
Christian Brooke
“The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, is a system of the body comprised of the heart, the blood, and the blood vessels. This system is responsible for transporting blood. As the cardiovascular system moves blood throughout the body, cells receive oxygen and nutrients. Carbon dioxide and other wastes are removed from the body as well.”
www.wisegeek.com
That is a diagram of the cardiovascular system, the blue section of this diagram is deoxygenated blood and the red section is the oxygenated blood.
Oxygen makes up about a fifth of the atmosphere. You breathe air through your mouth and nose and it travels to your lungs. Oxygen from the air is absorbed into your bloodstream through your lungs. Your heart then pumps oxygenated blood through a network of blood vessels to the arteries then to tissues including your organs, muscles and nerves, all around your body.
This diagram below shows capillaries which are a big part of the cardiovascular system. Capillaries are explained in the paragraph below
In the heart, the left ventricle contracts, pushing red blood cells into the aorta which is the body's largest artery. From here blood moves through a series of smaller arteries, until it reaches a capillary, “A capillary is an extremely small blood vessel located within the tissues of the body, which transports blood from arteries to veins.” ( www.biologyabout.com )Here oxygen molecules detach from the red blood cells and slip across the capillary wall into body tissue. Now de-oxygenated, blood begins its return to the heart. It passes through increasingly larger veins to eventually reach the right atrium. It enters the right ventricle, which pumps it through the pulmonary arteries into the lungs, to pick up more oxygen. Oxygenated, blood reenters the left atrium, moves into the left ventricle, and the blood's journey begins again. This is a simple explanation too how blood travels around the body I will explain in more complex detail further on in the assignment.
Blood cells make up our bloodstream which is the key to anything we do. Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, a jellylike substance inside the bones that is composed of, among other things, fat, blood, and special cells that turn into the various kinds of blood cells.
The CV system which is also known as the circulatory system due to what its purpose is, because it “circulates” blood which is oxygenated or deoxygenated around the body. The de-oxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the superior , inferior, The bodies largest veins, and the coronary sinus which is rarely mentioned due to its complex understanding. The right atrium contracts, forcing deoxygenated blood through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle. The right ventricle contracts, which sendins blood through the pulmonary semular valve and into the pulmonary trunk. The pulmonary trunk divides into pulmonary arteries which we have one in each lung, this takes the deoxygenated blood to the capillaries of the lungs.
At the lungs, carbon dioxide diffuses (diffusion is the process by which molecules of a given substance move from an area of relatively high concentration to an area of lower concentration) out of the blood, and, oxygen diffuses into the blood. The capillaries are where oxygen enters the blood stream. The oxygenated blood feeds into the pulmonary veins, which take it from the lungs to the left atrium. The left atrium contracts forcing blood through the bicuspid valve and into the left ventricle.
The e left ventricle contracts, forcing blood through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta; this is the bodies largest artery. The aorta divides into smaller arteries, which carry oxygenated blood to all body tissues. And the cycle is repeated millions of times in a lifetime. This has explained how a blood cell travels around the body in a complex way.
“Deoxygenated blood never mixes with oxygenated blood. Instead, the two atria and the two ventricles contract simultaneously.”
http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/627443#ixzz1FZOzqpt2
There are many ways in which the CV (cardiovascular system) affects sports performance. “Exercise uses up a lot of energy, which the cells derive from oxidizing glucose. Both glucose and oxygen have to be delivered by the blood. This means that the heart has to work harder to pump more blood through the body. This means it has to beat faster in order to achieve a higher throughput” www.math.arizona.edu This explains how the cardiovascular system responds to an increased need for blood by adjusting the width of the blood vessels, primarily the arterioles and venuoles to adjust to strenuous sporting activity.
The supply of blood vessels to the heart will increase therefore lowering blood pressure and improving the functioning of the heart, this a positive affect that exercise has on the cardiovascular system, it will also help to lower cholesterol which will reduce the chances of heart disease occurring.
Even though exercise has a positive affect on the body, there is also negatives such as strenuous activity without warming up releases adrenaline this will therefore higher the heart rate which could result in a small heart attack if activity isn’t met to the required amount of adrenaline.
“Your heart produces bloodflow or cardiac output through its heart rate and its stroke volume (how much blood pushed forward per heartbeat). If you need to increase your cardiac output, you can do so by increasing your heart rate, increasing your stroke volume or both.” M. Doug McGuff, M.D.
One way to increase cardiac output is to increase the amount of blood returning to the heart heart. Our heart functions like a pump. This means whatever volume is brought into the pump is the volume that is pushed out, meaning, if you increase the amount of blood returning to the heart, you will increase the amount of blood pumped out of the heart.
Bibliography
Advanced Studies in Physical Education and Sport, P Beashel et al.
Advanced PE for Edexcel, F. Galligan et al
BTEC Sport level 3 M. Adams et al
www.math.arizona.edu
http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/627443#ixzz1FZOzqpt2
www.biologyabout.com
www.wisegeek.com
M. Doug McGuff, M.D.
Unit 1 Task 3 The Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular System
Unit 1 Task 3
The Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular System
The Heart (www.google.co.uk/images/heart)
This is a diagram of the heart
The heart is the organ that supplies blood and oxygen to all parts of the body. It is the pump to make the blood move around the body and makes up the cardiovascular system
The heart is divided by a partition or septum into two halves. The halves are in turn divided into chambers. The upper two chambers of the heart are called atria and the lower two chambers are called ventricles.
The heart is split up into Atriums such as the Right Atrium and the Left atrium. The Right is larger than the Left Atrium but has thinner walls, because carbon dioxide will be able to leave quicker. The Right Atrium has two major veins that move blood to the heart from all parts of the body. .The Superior Vena Cava returns the deoxygenated blood from the upper part of the body and the Inferior Vena Cava returns the deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body. The Right Atrium receives blood back from the heart muscle itself. After the blood is collected in the Right Atrium it is pumped into the Right Ventricle through the Valve. The left atrium receives blood from four Pulmonary Veins. The blood received from the lungs has been oxygenated. The oxygenated blood that is collected in Left Atrium is then pumped into the Left Ventricle through the Bicuspid Valve.
The other parts of the heart are;
• Atria – “The upper chambers of the heart, they receive blood returning to our heart from either the body or the lungs” BTEC Sport 2008
• Ventricles – This is the pumping chambers of the heart, which have thicker walls than the atria. “The right ventricle pumps blood o the pulmonary circulation for the lungs and the left ventricle pumps blood to the systematic circulation for the body” BTEC Sport 2008
• Biscuspid Valve - The bicuspid valve, also known as the mitral valve, is a structure in the left side of the heart that controls the flow of oxygenated blood.
• Tricuspid Valve - Valves are flap-like structures that allow blood to flow in one direction. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
• Aortic Valve – This is the valve situated between the right atrium and aorta, preventing backflow from the aorta into the ventricle
• Superior Vena Cava. This is a vein that receives deoxygenated blood from the upper body, “the importance of the Superior Vena Cava is to return blood back to the Right Atrium from the upper part of the body. It is one of the largest veins in the body.” www.brianmac.co.uk/heartandfunctions
• Inferior Vena Cava – This is a vein that receives blood from the lower parts of the body, “the importance of this is for carrying the blood back to the Right Atrium from the lower part of the body.” www.brianmac.co.uk/heartandfunctions
• Pulmonary Arteries: This is what carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. There the blood is oxygenated and sent to the Left Atrium in the heart.
• Pulmonary Veins- This is what carries deoxygenated blood from the heart back to the lungs
Blood Vessels!
There are four types of of blood vessels;
Types of Blood Vessels
Arteries
Arteries are elastic vessels that transport blood away from the heart.
Veins
Veins are elastic vessels that transport blood to the heart.
Capillaries
Capillaries are extremely small vessels located within the tissues of the body that transport blood from the arteries to the veins.
“Blood vessels carry blood from the heart to all areas of the body. The blood travels from the heart via arteries to smaller arterioles, then to capillaries or sinusoids, to venules, to veins and back to the heart.” www.biology.co.uk/bodysystemfunctions
Artery.
An artery is an elastic textured blood vessel which function is too transport blood away from the heart. There are two main types of arteries:
• Pulmonary arteries
• Systemic arteries.
“Pulmonary arteries carry blood from the heart to the lungs where the blood picks up oxygen. The oxygen rich blood is then returned to the heart via the pulmonary veins.” www.sportscience.com
“Systemic arteries deliver blood to the rest of the body. The aorta is the main systemic artery and the largest artery of the body. It originates from the heart and branches out into smaller arteries which supply blood to the head region (brachiocephalic artery), the heart itself (coronary arteries), and the lower regions of the body.” www.biology.about.com
Arterioles
Arterioles share many of the properties of arteries – they are strong, have a relatively thick wall for their size, and contain a high percentage of smooth muscle.Just like arteries, arterioles carry blood away from the heart and out to the tissues of the body. In addition to this "supply train" function, arterioles are very important in blood pressure regulation. www.highbloodpressure.co.uk/arterioles
These have thin walls, thinner than arteries. They are responsible for controlling blood flow to the capillaries.
Capillaries
“Unlike the arteries and veins, capillaries are very thin and fragile. The capillaries are actually only one epithelial cell thick. They are so thin that blood cells can only pass through them in single file. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place through the thin capillary wall. The red blood cells inside the capillary release their oxygen which passes through the wall and into the surrounding tissue. The tissue releases its waste products, like carbon dioxide, which passes through the wall and into the red blood cells.” Www.flu.edu.com
Capillaries are also involved in the body's release of heat. During exercise, your body and blood temperature rises. To help release this heat, the blood delivers the heat to the capillaries which then rapidly release it to the tissue. The result is that your skin takes on a flushed, red appearance. If you hold your hand, under hot water, your hand will quickly turn red for the same reason. Your arm, however, is not likely to change colour because it is not actually feeling an increase in temperature.
Veins
“Veins are similar to arteries but, because they transport blood at a lower pressure, they are not as strong as arteries. Like arteries, veins have three layers: an outer layer of tissue, muscle in the middle, and a smooth inner layer of epithelial cells. However, the layers are thinner, containing less tissue.” www.flu.edu.com
Veins facilitate the venous return, the return of deoxygenated blood to the heart. Which have thinner walls than arteries and a relatively large diameter. When the blood flows round the body they are passed by veins, which are smaller less pressured than arteries.
Bibliography
WWW.BRIANMAC.CO.UK
WWW.FLU.ED.COM
WWW.BIOLOGY.ABOUT.COM
WWW.HIGHBLOODPRESSURE.CO.UK
WWW.SPORTSSCIENCE.COM
Btec Sport 2008 Adams Et al
The Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular System
The Heart (www.google.co.uk/images/heart)
This is a diagram of the heart
The heart is the organ that supplies blood and oxygen to all parts of the body. It is the pump to make the blood move around the body and makes up the cardiovascular system
The heart is divided by a partition or septum into two halves. The halves are in turn divided into chambers. The upper two chambers of the heart are called atria and the lower two chambers are called ventricles.
The heart is split up into Atriums such as the Right Atrium and the Left atrium. The Right is larger than the Left Atrium but has thinner walls, because carbon dioxide will be able to leave quicker. The Right Atrium has two major veins that move blood to the heart from all parts of the body. .The Superior Vena Cava returns the deoxygenated blood from the upper part of the body and the Inferior Vena Cava returns the deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body. The Right Atrium receives blood back from the heart muscle itself. After the blood is collected in the Right Atrium it is pumped into the Right Ventricle through the Valve. The left atrium receives blood from four Pulmonary Veins. The blood received from the lungs has been oxygenated. The oxygenated blood that is collected in Left Atrium is then pumped into the Left Ventricle through the Bicuspid Valve.
The other parts of the heart are;
• Atria – “The upper chambers of the heart, they receive blood returning to our heart from either the body or the lungs” BTEC Sport 2008
• Ventricles – This is the pumping chambers of the heart, which have thicker walls than the atria. “The right ventricle pumps blood o the pulmonary circulation for the lungs and the left ventricle pumps blood to the systematic circulation for the body” BTEC Sport 2008
• Biscuspid Valve - The bicuspid valve, also known as the mitral valve, is a structure in the left side of the heart that controls the flow of oxygenated blood.
• Tricuspid Valve - Valves are flap-like structures that allow blood to flow in one direction. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
• Aortic Valve – This is the valve situated between the right atrium and aorta, preventing backflow from the aorta into the ventricle
• Superior Vena Cava. This is a vein that receives deoxygenated blood from the upper body, “the importance of the Superior Vena Cava is to return blood back to the Right Atrium from the upper part of the body. It is one of the largest veins in the body.” www.brianmac.co.uk/heartandfunctions
• Inferior Vena Cava – This is a vein that receives blood from the lower parts of the body, “the importance of this is for carrying the blood back to the Right Atrium from the lower part of the body.” www.brianmac.co.uk/heartandfunctions
• Pulmonary Arteries: This is what carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. There the blood is oxygenated and sent to the Left Atrium in the heart.
• Pulmonary Veins- This is what carries deoxygenated blood from the heart back to the lungs
Blood Vessels!
There are four types of of blood vessels;
Types of Blood Vessels
Arteries
Arteries are elastic vessels that transport blood away from the heart.
Veins
Veins are elastic vessels that transport blood to the heart.
Capillaries
Capillaries are extremely small vessels located within the tissues of the body that transport blood from the arteries to the veins.
“Blood vessels carry blood from the heart to all areas of the body. The blood travels from the heart via arteries to smaller arterioles, then to capillaries or sinusoids, to venules, to veins and back to the heart.” www.biology.co.uk/bodysystemfunctions
Artery.
An artery is an elastic textured blood vessel which function is too transport blood away from the heart. There are two main types of arteries:
• Pulmonary arteries
• Systemic arteries.
“Pulmonary arteries carry blood from the heart to the lungs where the blood picks up oxygen. The oxygen rich blood is then returned to the heart via the pulmonary veins.” www.sportscience.com
“Systemic arteries deliver blood to the rest of the body. The aorta is the main systemic artery and the largest artery of the body. It originates from the heart and branches out into smaller arteries which supply blood to the head region (brachiocephalic artery), the heart itself (coronary arteries), and the lower regions of the body.” www.biology.about.com
Arterioles
Arterioles share many of the properties of arteries – they are strong, have a relatively thick wall for their size, and contain a high percentage of smooth muscle.Just like arteries, arterioles carry blood away from the heart and out to the tissues of the body. In addition to this "supply train" function, arterioles are very important in blood pressure regulation. www.highbloodpressure.co.uk/arterioles
These have thin walls, thinner than arteries. They are responsible for controlling blood flow to the capillaries.
Capillaries
“Unlike the arteries and veins, capillaries are very thin and fragile. The capillaries are actually only one epithelial cell thick. They are so thin that blood cells can only pass through them in single file. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place through the thin capillary wall. The red blood cells inside the capillary release their oxygen which passes through the wall and into the surrounding tissue. The tissue releases its waste products, like carbon dioxide, which passes through the wall and into the red blood cells.” Www.flu.edu.com
Capillaries are also involved in the body's release of heat. During exercise, your body and blood temperature rises. To help release this heat, the blood delivers the heat to the capillaries which then rapidly release it to the tissue. The result is that your skin takes on a flushed, red appearance. If you hold your hand, under hot water, your hand will quickly turn red for the same reason. Your arm, however, is not likely to change colour because it is not actually feeling an increase in temperature.
Veins
“Veins are similar to arteries but, because they transport blood at a lower pressure, they are not as strong as arteries. Like arteries, veins have three layers: an outer layer of tissue, muscle in the middle, and a smooth inner layer of epithelial cells. However, the layers are thinner, containing less tissue.” www.flu.edu.com
Veins facilitate the venous return, the return of deoxygenated blood to the heart. Which have thinner walls than arteries and a relatively large diameter. When the blood flows round the body they are passed by veins, which are smaller less pressured than arteries.
Bibliography
WWW.BRIANMAC.CO.UK
WWW.FLU.ED.COM
WWW.BIOLOGY.ABOUT.COM
WWW.HIGHBLOODPRESSURE.CO.UK
WWW.SPORTSSCIENCE.COM
Btec Sport 2008 Adams Et al
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